List of papers with abstracts * Updated monthly

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　　2019/02

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・Kodachi, Ryota and Tanaka, Takeshi (2012), "Differences in Disaster Prevention Awareness for Children and Their Guardians: Practice of Disaster Prevention Education Program Incorporating Awareness Survey", Journal of JSCE, F6 (Safety Issues), Vol.66, No.2, I_181-I_186

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　Since the Great East Japan Earthquake, there is a need for mutual cooperation between the government, local communities and residents in order to improve individual disaster preparedness. Focusing on children, it is important to share knowledge and information with parents and educate them on disaster prevention in the school community. However, at many school sites, the practice of disaster prevention training and education through trial and error by teachers remains the norm.
　In this study, an educational program for disaster prevention was developed by introducing familiar disasters and conducting a survey on disaster prevention awareness among children and their parents, and the educational effects and differences in disaster prevention awareness between children and their parents were verified. As a result, it was confirmed that this program has an educational effect in raising awareness of disaster prevention among children and their parents. There were also differences in the sharing of information on evacuation routes and locations between the children and their parents. 

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・M. Yasuda, C. J. Yi, R. Nouchi, A. Suppasri & F.　Imamura,International Research Institute of Disaster　Science,Tohoku University, Japan, 2016, "A practical application of a children’s disaster prevention　education program in the Philippines”,WIT Transactions on The Built Environment, Vol 160

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　In major total disasters, children and the elderly account for most of the mortality and injury rates. Prior training is needed to prevent this from happening. Tohoku University's International Research Institute of Disaster Science (IRIDeS) has deployed a disaster education team to reduce the impact of community disasters among schoolchildren in the Philippines. The disaster prevention education was divided into several workshops for upper grade elementary school students and was conducted in four elementary schools. The purpose of this educational program is to improve disaster-related self-resilience through survivorship development.

　In countries such as Japan and the Philippines, it is necessary to take measures to protect themselves from disasters in each region. However, if the Philippine government does not take proactive action in assessing the current state of the country and its existing disaster response measures, a terrible tragedy could occur again.

　There are two typical types of disaster prevention. It's a structural aspect of disaster prevention and one that isn't.

　In the Philippines, IRIDeS conducted evacuation drills and workshops for a total of 218 students. The purpose of the workshop was to provide appropriate knowledge on the proper response to a disaster. A survey after the workshop and evacuation training showed a decrease in fear of natural disasters. Learning about the mechanisms by which natural disasters occur and the means to prevent them would have been an improvement. They also found that the family members correctly understood that they could be injured or otherwise.

　Although this paper is a case study of the Philippines, there is a need to conduct disaster drills even in areas where disasters are common overseas. 

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　2019/03

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・Toyosawa, Junko, Karasawa Kaori and Fukuda, Nobuo (2010)

The influence of disaster prevention education for elementary school students on the disaster prevention behavior of parents: focusing on changes in children's emotions and cognition", Journal of Educational Psychology, 58(4), 480-490

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　In the framework of a threat appeal study, this study examined the possibility that disaster prevention education for elementary school students may affect children's emotions and cognition, and the possibility that these emotions and cognitions may affect parents' disaster prevention behaviors.

　A sample of 135 fifth and sixth graders before, during, and after three months of disaster preparedness education was surveyed to measure feelings of fear, vulnerability to threats, severity of threats, and response effectiveness. We also measured the sense of efficacy to parents immediately after disaster prevention education, the intention to convey the educational content to parents, and the amount of information conveyed to parents three months later, as well as the level of cooperation among parents. The results showed that there was an increase in emotion and cognition immediately after education, but it returned to pre-education levels after three months. The results of the structural analysis of covariance showed that fear and the sense of efficacy to parents increased the intention to convey the content of disaster prevention education to parents, and the higher the intention to convey the content, the more they actually conveyed it, and the more they conveyed it, the more they acted. In the discussion, it was discussed that it may be effective to have opportunities for regular relearning based on the understanding that disaster prevention awareness is not sustainable, and to devise educational content that increases the intention to communicate to parents.

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・ Wei Chen, Guofang Zhai, Chenjing Fan, Wenbo Jin & Ying Xie, 2016, "A planning framework based on system theory and GIS for urban emergency shelter system: A case of Guangzhou, China", Human and　Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal Volume23 Issue3 Page 441-456

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　In this paper, theoretical systems and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are used to develop a framework for disaster shelters in China. Evacuation centers have a role to play in reducing economic stagnation in the event of a disaster, and it is necessary to create a system that can cope with various natural disasters such as typhoons, floods, and earthquakes. The shelters fall into a number of categories. First of all, there are three types of evacuation centers: central evacuation centers, fixed evacuation centers, and temporary evacuation centers, each of which has its own characteristics such as the time it takes to evacuate and the size of the evacuation center. At the same time, they are categorized into two patterns, outdoor or indoor, and when designing a shelter, we think about the characteristics along with each of the finely set items from there. It is necessary to quantify the risk in each area in order to think about an appropriate level of prevention. The formula used in this case is as follows.

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      Risk = Hazard × Vulnerability / Capacity

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　In conclusion, a major challenge at present is the lack of adequate sheltering to match the rapid economic growth rate. There is a tendency to promote the development of disaster prevention systems in each region, but this has not been successful due to lack of experience. Ongoing research should be conducted to improve it into a more effective and efficient framework.

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    2019/04

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・Hayashi, H., Kim, S., Y., Nishizawa, M. and Tsutsui, T. (2016), "Regional Disaster Preparedness Enhancement by District Disaster Prevention Planning etc. Based on the Kumamoto Earthquake," The Journal of Law and Politics, Nagoya University / Nagoya University Graduate School of Law eds. 267, 247-298

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　The Kumamoto earthquake struck in April 2016, and about 70 people were dead or missing as of the beginning of June of the same year, including those who may have died related to the earthquake. In the Kyushu region, both government officials and local residents have a strong belief that earthquakes do not occur and have not been able to consider the lessons learned from the Great East Japan Earthquake as their own problems. This paper discusses the use of the "District Disaster Prevention Planning System," which was established by the revision of the Basic Act on Disaster Countermeasures in 2013, as a voluntary disaster prevention planning system for local communities by local residents and businesses, and the problems of spreading awareness of the system, based on the situation in the affected areas of the Kumamoto earthquake.

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   2019/08

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​・Allen, Katrina M. "Community‐based disaster preparedness and climate adaptation: local capacity‐building in the Philippines." Disasters 30.1 (2006): 81-101.

 

　Community disaster preparedness (CBDP) is a very important component of disaster response strategies. Historically, a top-down approach has been used in disaster management. And they have been advanced by outside experts.

　The CBDP is made up of knowledge, tolerance of the local population, and local resources, including social capital. As a strength, the CBDP may be useful not only for regional disaster management but also for regional pressure planning and discussion. To strengthen oneself through self-instructional activities. Weaknesses, on the other hand, include lack of community capital and unknown decision-making power.

This paper focuses on how community awareness of disasters can mitigate vulnerability in climate change. However, there were cases of empowering and disempowering residents within the Filipino community. In other words, he cautioned against thinking of the CBDP as a panacea for disaster management problems.

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　2019/08

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・Araki, Toshiyuki (2019), "Regional disaster prevention planning ni miru Chiiki Toki ni kansuru Chiiki Toki ni kansuru Tetsudoiron: Osaka Prefecture, Kita-Osaka Region as a case study", E-journal GEO, 14(1), 105-115.

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　This paper takes up the regional disaster prevention plans of seven cities in the northern part of Osaka Prefecture and examines whether the regional characteristics from natural and socio-economic perspectives are taken into account in the table of contents and assumed disasters in disaster prevention and emergency measures, as well as in the assumption of damage and assumed earthquakes to be dealt with. The reason why so much attention is paid to regional characteristics is that regional disaster management plans are prepared based on the regional characteristics of each municipality in the vertical relationship between the national government, prefectures, and municipalities, but there has been no mention of regional characteristics in previous studies. This paper discusses the legal aspects of regional disaster reduction plans, focusing on seven cities in the Kita-Osaka region from natural and socio-economic perspectives, and compares the national disaster reduction plan with the regional disaster reduction plan of Osaka Prefecture. As a result, the diversity of descriptions in community disaster management plans makes it difficult for municipalities to work together, and the lack of coordination with municipalities results in inadequate community disaster management plans. Based on this paper, it is necessary for prefectures to actively provide guidance on the revision of local disaster prevention plans and the preparation of promotion plans.

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　2019/08

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・Inoue, M., et al. (2018) 'Creation of a disaster response flow diagram based on regional disaster prevention planning and visualization of interdepartmental cooperation', Production Research, 70(4), 283-288.

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In accordance with Article 40 of the Basic Act on Disaster Countermeasures, prefectures and municipalities are obliged to formulate regional disaster prevention plans. The Regional Disaster Prevention Plan sets out the disaster prevention measures to be implemented by the local government at each stage. However, many local disaster prevention plans contain so much information that it is difficult for staff to immediately find the information they need to respond to a disaster, and they are often not effectively used in past disasters. In addition, the process and flow of disaster response is not shown, making it difficult to grasp the overall picture. In addition, the table of contents and format of local disaster management plans often differ between prefectures and municipalities, as well as between municipalities, making it difficult to compare local disaster management plans and to effectively implement them among municipalities.

Based on the above, this paper standardizes the regional disaster prevention plans in Kumamoto Prefecture by systematically organizing the disaster response operations from the description of the regional disaster prevention plans to the process and flow diagrams for the four municipalities affected by the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake: Kumamoto Prefecture, Kumamoto City, Kashima Town, and Nishihara Village. In order to operate the database efficiently, we are constructing a detailed sheet database that summarizes reference information on business implementation. A comparison of the descriptions of the regional disaster prevention plans in each municipality against the standardized process revealed the deficiencies in the descriptions of the regional disaster prevention plans. In addition, it was shown that by visualizing the cooperative relationships among departments in the form of a network on the created disaster response work flow chart, the relationship between the departments in charge and those in charge of the work can be confirmed at a glance. It was concluded that it is important to verify and revise through training and other means, and that it is also necessary to study the method of managing the progress of operations against the flow of disaster response shown in this report.

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   2019/08

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​・Himes-Cornell, A. Ormond, C, Hoelting, K, Ban, N. C, Zachary Koehn, J, Allison, E. H.& Okey, T. A. (2018). “Factors Affecting Disaster Preparedness, Response, and Recovery Using the Community Capitals Framework” Coastal management, 46(5), 335-358.

 

　This paper identifies which community capital influences recovery facilitation when there is a major shock, such as a disaster or an oil shock. Previous disaster research has investigated the "why" and "how" we are affected by disasters. Therefore, this paper uses a "community capital framework" to analyze how community characteristics affect attitudes toward disaster preparedness from disaster data for the period 1964-1989. This data includes information documenting responses to the disaster in six communities, community capital during and before the disaster, and long-term recovery.

　Abundant natural capital generally contributes to pre-disaster planning and long-term recovery, but limited access to resources in the immediate aftermath of a disaster has negative consequences for many communities. Communities with strong governments, social infrastructures and financial capital will make a quick recovery. But at the time of the oil crisis, in some communities, it weakened the community more than a tsunami or an earthquake. It was found that the use of community capital could lead to recovery from various types of disasters.

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　2019/09 

 

・Fujita, Masaru et al. (2003) "A Study on the Relevance of Active Self-Disaster Prevention Activities and Everyday Community Activities (in Japanese)," Journal of Urban Planning, 38, 19-24.

 

The severe damage caused by the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake in 1995 revealed the weaknesses of the city planning that had been pursuing convenience and comfort before the disaster, and at the same time reaffirmed the importance of "safe and secure city planning" to ensure a safe and secure life.

　The purpose of this paper is to identify the characteristics of active organizations based on the relationship between voluntary disaster reduction activities and daily community activities, and to identify the role of the residents, the role of the government, and the methods of support that are necessary for the creation of such organizations. In order to understand the government's awareness of and support for voluntary disaster reduction activities, we interviewed organizations that are actively engaged in these activities. Based on these results, we conducted a questionnaire survey of all neighborhood associations in the city, using Akita City as a case study. The data obtained from this study will be used to understand the relationship between voluntary disaster prevention activities and community revitalization in terms of disaster prevention activities and disaster prevention awareness.

　Based on the results of a survey on the characteristics and daily activities of organizations engaged in active self-disaster prevention activities such as drills, it was noted that (1) holding inter-organizational exchange meetings, (2) developing more effective leaders, (3) providing accurate information that is useful for organizational management and activities, and (4) considering and implementing administrative measures such as the reorganization of township associations are effective ways to revitalize self-disaster prevention activities. Have fun and participate in the measures.

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　2019/09

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・Yasuaki Ueno et al. (2016) 'Activation of Self-Disaster Prevention Organization Activities and Activity Managers', Journal of the Japan Society of Civil Engineers, D3 (Civil Engineering Planning), 72(1), 14-24.

 

In this report, a questionnaire survey was conducted with representatives of voluntary disaster prevention organizations in Kumamoto Prefecture. A survey was conducted by mail to representatives of 390 organizations in Kumamoto City, Aso City, and Minami Aso Village. Using survey logistic regression analysis and structural analysis of covariance, we aim to gain policy implications on appropriate organizational governance to structure and enrich organizational activities. The survey asks about the number of key members who are active in organizational activities, the implementation of local disaster mitigation activities, the selection of a person responsible for emergency activities, and the preparation of an emergency activities manual.

　The results suggest that voluntary disaster management organizations with more key members are more likely to select the person in charge of activities. In addition, voluntary disaster reduction organizations that have selected a person responsible for their activities are more willing to carry out community disaster mitigation activities and prepare an emergency activity manual.

As a summary of the study, it is necessary to clarify whether the creation of the manual will lead to the enlightenment of local residents on disaster prevention in the future. It was said that it is important to have new measures in which local residents take the lead in disaster prevention, as was the case in this paper.

　

　2019/09

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・Yoon, D. K., Kang, J. E., & Brody, S. D. (2016). “A measurement of community disaster resilience in Korea” Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 59(3), 436-460.

 

There is a growing recognition that the community's tolerance of disaster resilience is important in recovering from natural disasters. Building resilience to disasters is one of the goals of disaster mitigation activities. This paper examines the disaster resilience of each community in Korea. In South Korea, natural disasters have caused $41 billion worth of damage and more than 10,000 deaths in the last 50 years. Therefore, by 2015, it was required to act on The Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) in order to limit disaster losses. Three goals have been identified to improve the resilience of each community. There are three main areas of focus: (1) integration and preparation of disaster prevention plans, (2) preparation of regional recovery efforts, and (3) efforts to reduce the risk of emergency situations.

This paper then measures resilience from a human perspective, social, economic, and environmental aspects using its own indicators. The study was analyzed using data from 229 municipalities and the Geographic Information System (GIS). Indicators of disaster resilience were derived from the relationship between losses due to disasters. The degree of resilience of a community to disasters is determined by the contribution of social, economic, and environmental factors to disaster response and mitigation.

 

​2019/10

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Motoyoshi, Tadahiro, Takao, Kenji & Ikeda, Saburo (2004), "Determining Intentions to Participate in Community Disaster Prevention Activities," Journal of Psychology, 75(1), 72-77.

　Daily community disaster management activities are necessary for rapid relief operations in the area during the first post-disaster period. In addition, it is necessary for local residents to participate and collaborate, not only with the administration, to think about local disaster prevention measures on their own and use them in administrative planning. The purpose of this study is to examine the factors that determine the intention to participate in community disaster prevention activities (hereinafter referred to as "intention to act") through a survey of local residents who are highly vulnerable to floods. Interest in disaster prevention is taken up as a factor reflecting motivation for disaster prevention, and the relationship between subjective norms, cost perceptions, and benefit perceptions is examined. In this study, we hypothesized a model by incorporating the factor of interest in disaster prevention into the theory of rational action, and examined how the factors of interest, concern, cost perception, benefit perception, and subjective norms affect the intention to participate in community disaster reduction activities by conducting a survey of local residents at high risk of flooding, who need to activate community disaster reduction activities.
　The analysis revealed that the intention to participate in community disaster management activities was higher when the subjective norms were high. The results of this study suggest that for actions taken in the presence of others, such as community disaster management activities, subjective norms are an important factor in behavioral intentions. It can also be pointed out that the influence of subjective norms on behavioral intentions may be weak for disaster prevention measures in households. If the process of defining the intention to act differs depending on the type of disaster management activity, it is effective to promote disaster management measures accordingly. In addition, when cost perception is high, there is a strong effect of lowering the intention to participate, while the effect of benefit perception on the intention to participate is small. Since disasters occur only infrequently, it is a great burden to participate in local disaster management activities during normal times. In order to revitalize local disaster prevention activities, it is very important to lower the cost awareness of the residents. On the other hand, the impact of benefit recognition was small. Local disaster prevention activities alone cannot eliminate the damage caused by floods. In addition, it is difficult to understand the specific benefits of local disaster management activities, so the impact of perceived benefits may have been small. The above results indicate that cost perception is a disincentive that has a large influence on the intention to participate in local disaster reduction activities. Therefore, it will be important to reduce the cost of community disaster management activities in addition to the release of hazard information. Although interest and concern for water damage is a concept not addressed in the theory of rational action, in the present study, interest and concern for water damage was a direct determinant of behavioral intentions. Interest was also positioned as a factor that increased subjective norms and benefit perceptions and lowered cost perceptions, and had an indirect effect on behavioral intentions. Although the theoretical position of interest and concern cannot be judged based on the results of this study alone, it has been shown that interest and concern about disasters is an important factor in increasing the behavioral intentions of local disaster management activities. It was suggested that local disaster prevention activities could be revitalized by providing information in a way that would increase the interest of local residents. In this study, it was found that three factors, subjective norms, cost perception, and interest in disaster prevention, influence the intention to act on community disaster prevention activities.

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・Yen, C. L., Loh, C. H., Chen, L. C., Wei, L. Y., Lee, W. C., & Ho, H. Y. (2006) "Development and implementation of disaster reduction technology in Taiwan" Natural hazards, 37(1-2), 3-21

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　In order to increase the efficiency of disaster reduction, since 1982, the Taiwanese government has made a number of development efforts towards disaster reduction. This effort includes a national program of science and technology to avoid hazards (NAPHM) and a five-year, three-term plan to avoid hazards.
This paper provides a brief evaluation of these plans and the NAPHM program. In other words, the five-year plan shows that it has produced meaningful research results. NAPHM has provided a mechanism for integrating research results and finding technologies that can be used as tools.
NAPHM was transformed into NCDR (National Center for Disaster Reduction) in 2003 to further develop and implement disaster response technologies. It also describes the mission of the NCDR and what it aims to achieve for its future products.

 

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2019/11

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・Uemura, M., and Hoshi, Y. (2019) 'Innovation and creation after disaster: from listening to the Great East Japan Earthquake', Economic Seminar, No. 706, pp. 31-34

 

Disasters destroy many things and take away many. As Solnit (2009) pointed out, this is a phenomenon that can be seen not only in Japan, but in other parts of the world as well, where disaster-affected communities help each other out after a disaster and, in a sense, create a more vibrant society than before the disaster. In this paper, we try to ascertain whether these signs of promoting economic growth are occurring in East Japan's own disaster areas, focusing qualitatively on the corporate behavior of the victims.

　In the midst of the devastation caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake, they worked with local residents to bring life back to a community that had been destroyed. One example is Hirano, who lost his mother when his house was completely destroyed in the Great East Japan Earthquake in the town of Otsuchi in Iwate Prefecture. As vice-chairman of the community-led disaster task force, he built roads and brought in food and supplies to a town buried in rubble. Mr. Hirano's insurance agency, which had been in business for decades, was swept away by the tsunami, but he went around to evacuation centers to check on the safety of his clients, and by May 2011, he had completed all insurance claim payments. In the aftermath of the disaster, the company became involved in the reconstruction of the fishery, which had been in decline, not only because of the insurance industry's claims but also because of its desire for reconstruction. The fishermen's cooperative in Otsuchi had been deeply insolvent even before the disaster. The disaster hastened the inevitable collapse of the fishing cooperative, which was dissolved in January 2012. However, Mr. Hirano and some of the members of the union began working to revive the fishery with a new structure that was different from the old management team, and in March 2012, a new fishery cooperative was revived.

　In some cases, after experiencing such a disaster, the local economy took the opportunity to rebuild. He pointed out that disaster utopias will disappear when the time comes. The cases presented in this paper show that the occurrence of disaster utopias can boost entrepreneurship and have a sustained effect on community recovery in some cases.
 

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